Run an RPC Node without nearup

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Heads up

Running a RPC node is very similar to running a [validator node](/docs/develop/node/validator/running-a-node) as both types of node use the same `nearcore` release. The main difference for running a validator node is requiring `validator_key.json` to be used by the validator node to support its work of validating blocks and chunks on the network.

Prerequisites

  • Rust. If not already installed, please follow these instructions.
  • Git
  • Installed developer tools:
    • MacOS
      $ brew install cmake protobuf clang llvm
    • Linux
      $ apt update
      $ apt install -y git binutils-dev libcurl4-openssl-dev zlib1g-dev libdw-dev libiberty-dev cmake gcc g++ python docker.io protobuf-compiler libssl-dev pkg-config clang llvm

Choosing your nearcore version

When building your NEAR node you will have two branch options to choose from depending on your desired use:

  • master : (Experimental)
    • Use this if you want to play around with the latest code and experiment. This branch is not guaranteed to be in a fully working state and there is absolutely no guarantee it will be compatible with the current state of mainnet or testnet.
  • Latest stable release : (Stable)
    • Use this if you want to run a NEAR node for mainnet. For mainnet, please use the latest stable release. This version is used by mainnet validators and other nodes and is fully compatible with the current state of mainnet.
  • Latest release candidates : (Release Candidates)
    • Use this if you want to run a NEAR node for tesnet. For testnet, we first release a RC version and then later make that release stable. For testnet, please run the latest RC version.

testnet

1. Clone nearcore project from GitHub

First, clone the nearcore repository.

$ git clone https://github.com/near/nearcore
$ git fetch origin --tags

Checkout to the branch you need if not master (default). Latest release is recommended. Please check the releases page on GitHub.

$ git checkout tags/1.19.0 -b mynode

2. Compile nearcore binary

In the nearcore folder run the following commands:

$ make release

This will start the compilation process. It will take some time
depending on your machine power (e.g. i9 8-core CPU, 32 GB RAM, SSD
takes approximately 25 minutes). Note that compilation will need over
1 GB of memory per virtual core the machine has. If the build fails
with processes being killed, you might want to try reducing number of
parallel jobs, for example: CARGO_BUILD_JOBS=8 make release.

By the way, if you’re familiar with Cargo, you could wonder why not
run cargo build -p neard --release instead. While this will produce
a binary, the result will be a less optimized version. On technical
level, this is because building via make neard enables link-time
optimisation which is disabled by default.

The binary path is target/release/neard

3. Initialize working directory

In order to work properly, the NEAR node requires a working directory and a couple of configuration files.

  • config.json – Configuration parameters which are responsive for how the node will work.
  • genesis.json – A file with all the data the network started with at genesis. This contains initial accounts, contracts, access keys, and other records which represents the initial state of the blockchain.
  • node_key.json – A file which contains a public and private key for the node. Also includes an optional account_id parameter which is required to run a validator node (not covered in this doc).
  • data/ – A folder in which a NEAR node will write it’s state.

Generate the initial required working directory by running:

$ ./target/release/neard --home ~/.near init --chain-id testnet --download-genesis --download-config

You can skip the --home argument if you are fine with the default working directory in ~/.near. If not, pass your preferred location.

This command will create the required directory structure and will generate config.json, node_key.json, and genesis.json for testnet network.

Heads up
The genesis file for testnet is big (6GB +) so this command will be running for a while and no progress will be shown.

4. Replacing the config.json

The generated config.json will be missing a boot_nodes parameter (it is empty) so we will need to replace it with a full one. You can do this one of two ways:

  1. Download config.json here and replace it in your working dir (~/.near/config.json).

or

  1. Run the following commands:
$ rm ~/.near/config.json
$ wget https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/build.nearprotocol.com/nearcore-deploy/testnet/config.json -P ~/.near/

5. Get data backup

The node is ready to be started however you must first sync up with the network. This means your node needs to download all the headers and blocks that other nodes in the network already have. You can speed up this process by downloading backups in one of two ways by downloading the latest RPC data backup from a public S3 bucket.

Network URL
testnet https://near-protocol-public.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/backups/testnet/rpc/data.tar
  1. Download and unpack the tar file to ~/.near.

or

  1. Run the following commands:
$ wget https://near-protocol-public.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/backups/testnet/rpc/data.tar -P ~/.near/
$ tar -xf ~/.near/data.tar
$ rm ~/.near/data.tar

6. Run the node

To start your node simply run the following command:

$ ./target/release/neard --home ~/.near run

That’s all. The node is running you can see log outputs in your console. It will download a bit of missing data since the last backup was performed but it shouldn’t take much time.

mainnet

1. Clone nearcore project from GitHub

First, clone the nearcore repository.

$ git clone https://github.com/near/nearcore
$ git fetch origin --tags

Next, checkout the release branch you need (recommended) if you will not be using the default master branch. Please check the releases page on GitHub for the latest release.

For more information on choosing between master and latest release branch [ click here ].

$ git checkout tags/1.19.0 -b mynode

2. Compile nearcore binary

In the nearcore folder run the following commands:

$ make release

This will start the compilation process. It will take some time
depending on your machine power (e.g. i9 8-core CPU, 32 GB RAM, SSD
takes approximately 25 minutes). Note that compilation will need over
1 GB of memory per virtual core the machine has. If the build fails
with processes being killed, you might want to try reducing number of
parallel jobs, for example: CARGO_BUILD_JOBS=8 make release.

By the way, if you’re familiar with Cargo, you could wonder why not
run cargo build -p neard --release instead. While this will produce
a binary, the result will be a less optimized version. On technical
level, this is because building via make neard enables link-time
optimisation which is disabled by default.

The binary path is target/release/neard

3. Initialize working directory

In order to work NEAR node requires to have working directory and a couple of configuration files.

  • config.json – Configuration parameters which are responsive for how the node will work.
  • genesis.json – A file with all the data the network started with at genesis. This contains initial accounts, contracts, access keys, and other records which represents the initial state of the blockchain.
  • node_key.json – A file which contains a public and private key for the node. Also includes an optional account_id parameter which is required to run a validator node (not covered in this doc).
  • data/ – A folder in which a NEAR node will write it’s state.

Generate the initial required working directory by running:

$ ./target/release/neard --home ~/.near init --chain-id mainnet --download-genesis --download-config

You can skip the --home argument if you are fine with the default working directory in ~/.near. If not, pass your preferred location.

This command will create the required directory structure by generating a config.json, node_key.json, and downloads a genesis.json for mainnet.

4. Replacing the config.json

The generated config.json will be missing a boot_nodes parameter (it is empty) so we will need to replace it with a full one. You can do this one of two ways:

  1. Download config.json here and replace it in your working dir (~/.near/config.json).

or

  1. Run the following commands:
$ rm ~/.near/config.json
$ wget https://s3-us-west-1.amazonaws.com/build.nearprotocol.com/nearcore-deploy/mainnet/config.json -P ~/.near/

5. Get data backup

The node is ready to be started however you must first sync up with the network. This means your node needs to download all the headers and blocks that other nodes in the network already have. You can speed up this process by downloading backups in one of two ways by downloading the latest RPC data backup from a public S3 bucket.

Network URL
mainnet https://near-protocol-public.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/backups/mainnet/rpc/data.tar
  1. Download and unpack the tar file to ~/.near.

or

  1. Run the following commands:
$ wget https://near-protocol-public.s3.ca-central-1.amazonaws.com/backups/mainnet/rpc/data.tar -P ~/.near/
$ tar -xf ~/.near/data.tar
$ rm ~/.near/data.tar

6. Run the node

To start your node simply run the following command:

$ ./target/release/neard --home ~/.near run

That’s all. The node is running and you can see log outputs in your console. It will download a bit of missing data since the last backup was performed but it shouldn’t take much time.

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