다음 텍스트를 번역합니다. NEAR 프로토콜과 관련된 모든 용어입니다. HTML 태그를 보존하되 응답에서
, <html>, <body>, <head>와 같은 태그를 생성하지 마십시오. ‘Burrow’, ‘NEAR’, ‘BRR’, ‘stNEAR’ 등의 특정 이름이나 토큰을 번역하지 마십시오:</p>
<article class="text-token-text-primary w-full focus:outline-none scroll-mt-[calc(var(--header-height)+min(200px,max(70px,20svh)))]" dir="auto" tabindex="-1" data-turn-id="c237be5f-fed8-454a-ac8a-3d55956ea4ee" data-testid="conversation-turn-2" data-scroll-anchor="true" data-turn="assistant">
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<div class="[--thread-content-max-width:40rem] thread-lg:[--thread-content-max-width:48rem] mx-auto max-w-(--thread-content-max-width) flex-1 group/turn-messages focus-visible:outline-hidden relative flex w-full min-w-0 flex-col agent-turn" tabindex="-1">
<div class="flex max-w-full flex-col grow">
<div class="min-h-8 text-message relative flex w-full flex-col items-end gap-2 text-start break-words whitespace-normal [.text-message+&]:mt-5" dir="auto" data-message-author-role="assistant" data-message-id="0a6e625c-1cb1-4e93-b6e6-dde31d7a1ba3" data-message-model-slug="gpt-5-thinking">
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<div class="markdown prose dark:prose-invert w-full break-words light markdown-new-styling">
<p data-start="59" data-end="771"><strong data-start="59" data-end="88">소개</strong><br data-start="88" data-end="91">백엔드를 구축하는 경우, 이미 API를 설계하고 상태를 저장하며 사용자를 관리하는 방법을 알고 있습니다. <a class="wpil_keyword_link" title="NEAR 프로토콜이란?" href="https://learnnear.club/what-is-near-protocol/" data-wpil-keyword-link="linked" data-wpil-monitor-id="277">NEAR 프로토콜</a>을 사용하면 동일한 직관을 사용할 수 있습니다. 다만, 여러분의 서버 대신 분산 네트워크에서 작동합니다. NEAR은 “호스팅할 필요가 없는 백엔드”로 생각할 수 있습니다. 비즈니스 로직은 스마트 계약(미니 프로그램)으로 실행되며, 데이터는 네트워크에서 관리되는 복제 저장소에 저장되며, 사용자 ID는 암호화로 확인됩니다. 이 강의에서는 익숙한 백엔드 아이디어를 NEAR 개념에 매핑하고 간단한 Twitter 스타일 예제를 통해 읽기 및 쓰기 작업이 어떻게 작동하는지 살펴보겠습니다. 마지막에는 웹2에서 NEAR로 이동하는 것이 적응이며, 새로운 창조가 아님을 알게 될 것입니다.</p>
<hr data-start="773" data-end="776">
<h2 data-start="778" data-end="812"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="NEAR%EC%9D%84_%EB%B6%84%EC%82%B0%ED%98%95_%EB%B0%B1%EC%97%94%EB%93%9C%EB%A1%9C"></span>NEAR을 분산형 백엔드로<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2>
<p data-start="814" data-end="1201">유지하지 않는 글로벌 클러스터에서 실행되는 서비스를 배포한다고 상상해보세요. 이것이 NEAR입니다. 여러분의 애플리케이션은 자체 코드와 데이터를 가진 계정(예: <code data-start="947" data-end="974">twitter-app.yourname.near</code>)입니다. 독립적인 <strong data-start="1016" data-end="1030">검증자</strong>(네트워크 노드)가 해당 데이터를 복제하고 제공합니다. 사용자가 상호 작용할 때 네트워크는 일반적으로 ~1~2초 안에 결과에 대한 논란이 없는 합의에 도달합니다.</p>
<p data-start="1203" data-end="1219"><em data-start="1203" data-end="1217">전문 용어 확인</em></p>
<ul data-start="1220" data-end="1395">
<li data-start="1220" data-end="1321">
<p data-start="1222" data-end="1321"><strong data-start="1222" data-end="1236">검증자:</strong> NEAR 소프트웨어를 실행하고 계약을 실행하며 합의에 참여하는 노드입니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="1322" data-end="1395">
<p data-start="1324" data-end="1395"><strong data-start="1324" data-end="1337">최종성:</strong> 변경 사항이 잠겨지고 되돌릴 수 없는 지점입니다.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr data-start="1397" data-end="1400">
<h2 data-start="1402" data-end="1449"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="%EC%95%A0%ED%94%8C%EB%A6%AC%EC%BC%80%EC%9D%B4%EC%85%98_%EC%83%81%ED%83%9C_%EB%84%A4%EC%9E%84%EC%8A%A4%ED%8E%98%EC%9D%B4%EC%8A%A4_%EB%B0%8F_%EB%B3%B5%EC%A0%9C"></span>애플리케이션 상태: 네임스페이스 및 복제<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2>
<p data-start="1451" data-end="1547">NEAR에서 각 앱의 데이터는 해당 계정에 범위가 지정되어 있습니다. 이는 전용 데이터베이스 스키마 또는 네임스페이스와 같습니다.</p>
<ul data-start="1549" data-end="1996">
<li data-start="1549" data-end="1637">
<p data-start="1551" data-end="1637"><strong data-start="1551" data-end="1570">격리된 상태:</strong> 여러분의 계약 코드만 앱의 키-값 저장소를 수정할 수 있습니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="1638" data-end="1736">
<p data-start="1640" data-end="1736"><strong data-start="1640" data-end="1656">감사 트레일:</strong> 모든 변경 사항이 체인에 기록되어 변경할 수 없는 검증 가능한 기록을 만듭니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="1737" data-end="1856">
<p data-start="1739" data-end="1856"><strong data-start="1739" data-end="1761">높은 가용성:</strong> 많은 검증자가 여러분의 상태를 저장하고 제공합니다. 일부가 오프라인 상태가 되어도 여러분의 앱은 접근 가능합니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="1857" data-end="1996">
<p data-start="1859" data-end="1996"><strong data-start="1859" data-end="1889">빠른 최종 일관성:</strong> 요청이 처리되고 합의가 실행되며 약 ~1~2초 안에 새로운 상태가 네트워크 전체에 대해 최종화됩니다.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-start="1998" data-end="2115"><em data-start="1998" data-end="2008">유사성:</em> 클라우드 데이터베이스를 생각해보세요. 멀티 리전 쓰기 복제 및 끄지 않을 수 있는 내장형 감사 로그가 있는 것으로 생각하면 됩니다.</p>
<hr data-start="2117" data-end="2120">
<h2 data-start="2122" data-end="2162"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="%EB%B0%B1%EC%97%94%EB%93%9C_%EB%A1%9C%EC%A7%81_%EC%8A%A4%EB%A7%88%ED%8A%B8_%EA%B3%84%EC%95%BD_Wasm"></span>백엔드 로직: 스마트 계약 (Wasm)<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2>
<p data-start="2164" data-end="2300">비즈니스 규칙은 <strong data-start="2194" data-end="2212">스마트 계약</strong>에 있습니다. 이는 웹어셈블리(Wasm)로 컴파일된 작은 프로그램이며 여러분의 앱 계정 아래에 저장됩니다.</p>
<ul data-start="2302" data-end="2773">
<li data-start="2302" data-end="2564">
<p data-start="2304" data-end="2564"><strong data-start="2304" data-end="2325">언어 옵션:</strong> 성능과 안전성을 위해 Rust가 가장 일반적인 선택입니다. JavaScript/TypeScript는 NEAR의 도구를 통해 Wasm으로 컴파일됩니다. [명확히 하려면 Rust만 강조할 것인지, near-sdk-js/TypeScript를 명시적으로 포함할 것인지 확인하십시오.]</p>
</li>
<li data-start="2565" data-end="2672">
<p data-start="2567" data-end="2672"><strong data-start="2567" data-end="2591">격리된 실행:</strong> Wasm은 효율적이며 검증자에서 안전하고 결정론적인 환경에서 실행됩니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="2673" data-end="2773">
<p data-start="2675" data-end="2773"><strong data-start="2675" data-end="2696">명확한 경계:</strong> 각 계약은 자체 상태를 관리하고 클라이언트가 호출하는 함수를 노출합니다.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-start="2775" data-end="2791"><em data-start="2775" data-end="2789">전문 용어 확인</em></p>
<ul data-start="2792" data-end="2929">
<li data-start="2792" data-end="2857">
<p data-start="2794" data-end="2857"><strong data-start="2794" data-end="2813">스마트 계약:</strong> 블록체인에서 실행되는 백엔드 코드입니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="2858" data-end="2929">
<p data-start="2860" data-end="2929"><strong data-start="2860" data-end="2883">웹어셈블리 (Wasm):</strong> 빠른 이식 가능한 실행을 위한 이진 형식입니다.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<hr data-start="2931" data-end="2934">
<h2 data-start="2936" data-end="2991"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="%EC%8B%A0%EC%9B%90_%EB%B0%8F_%EA%B6%8C%ED%95%9C_%EA%B8%B0%EB%B3%B8%EC%A0%81%EC%9C%BC%EB%A1%9C_%EC%95%94%ED%98%B8%ED%99%94"></span>신원 및 권한: 기본적으로 암호화<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2>
<p data-start="2993" data-end="3065">NEAR은 비밀번호 대신 <strong data-start="3025" data-end="3037">계정</strong>과 <strong data-start="3042" data-end="3064">디지털 서명</strong>을 사용합니다.</p>
<ul data-start="3067" data-end="3456">
<li data-start="3067" data-end="3158">
<p data-start="3069" data-end="3158"><strong data-start="3069" data-end="3086">트랜잭션:</strong> 모든 쓰기(상태 변경)는 <a class="wpil_keyword_link" title="NEAR 계정 – Express 가이드" href="https://learnnear.club/near-account-express-guide/" data-wpil-keyword-link="linked" data-wpil-monitor-id="278">NEAR 계정</a>에서 서명된 트랜잭션입니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="3159" data-end="3344">
<p data-start="3161" data-end="3344"><strong data-start="3161" data-end="3180">누가 호출했나요?:</strong> 계약에서 <code data-start="3198" data-end="3222">predecessor_account_id</code>는 함수를 트리거한 계정을 알려줍니다. 이는 암호화에 의해 지원되는 확인된 토큰에서 사용자를 읽는 것과 유사합니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="3345" data-end="3456">
<p data-start="3347" data-end="3456"><strong data-start="3347" data-end="3366">접근 제어:</strong> 호출자의 계정 ID를 사용하여 “이 계정만이 자신의 트윗을 삭제할 수 있음”과 같은 확인을 구축합니다.</p>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-start="3458" data-end="3543"><em data-start="3458" data-end="3468">유사성:</em> 로그인 서버 없이 JWT와 유사합니다. 신원이 플랫폼에 내장되어 있습니다.</p>
<hr data-start="3545" data-end="3548">
<h2 data-start="3550" data-end="3596"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="%EA%B0%84%EB%8B%A8%ED%95%9C_Twitter_%EC%8A%A4%ED%83%80%EC%9D%BC_%EC%98%88%EC%A0%9C_%EA%B0%9C%EB%85%90%EC%A0%81"></span>간단한 Twitter 스타일 예제 (개념적)<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2>
<p data-start="3598" data-end="3663">Tweet { id, author, text, timestamp, likes }를 모델링한다고 가정해보세요.</p>
<ul data-start="3665" data-end="4037">
<li data-start="3665" data-end="3895">
<p data-start="3667" data-end="3704"><strong data-start="3667" data-end="3702">쓰기 메서드 (상태 변경):</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3707" data-end="3895">
<li data-start="3707" data-end="3782">
<p data-start="3709" data-end="3782"><code data-start="3709" data-end="3727">post_tweet(text)</code>: 트윗을 생성하고 작성자 = <code data-start="3755" data-end="3779">predecessor_account_id</code>입니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="3785" data-end="3835">
<p data-start="3787" data-end="3835"><code data-start="3787" data-end="3803">like_tweet(id)</code>: 좋아요 카운터를 증가시킵니다.</p>
</li>
<li data-start="3838" data-end="3895">
<p data-start="3840" data-end="3895"><code data-start="3840" data-end="3858">delete_tweet(id)</code>: 트윗의 작성자만 삭제할 수 있습니다.</p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li data-start="3897" data-end="4037">
<p data-start="3899" data-end="3925"><strong data-start="3899" data-end="3923">읽기 메서드 (보기):</strong></p>
<ul data-start="3928" data-end="4037">
<li data-start="3928" data-end="3953">
<p data-start="3930" data-end="3953"><code data-start="3930" data-end="3951">get_tweet_by_id(id)</code></p>
</li>
<li data-start="3956" data-end="3989">
<p data-start="3958" data-end="3989"><code data-start="3958" data-end="3987">get_all_tweets(from, limit)</code></p>
</li>
<li data-start="3992" data-end="4037">
<p data-start="3994" data-end="4037"><code data-start="3994" data-end="4037">get_tweets_by_author(author, from, limit)</code></p>
</li>
</ul>
</li>
</ul>
<p data-start="4039" data-end="4220">디자인적으로 “간단한 색인 액세스 패턴”을 생각하십시오. 복잡한 임시 쿼리(예: 조인)는 계약 내에서 존재하지 않으므로 이를 염두에 두고 데이터 구조 및 반복자를 계획하십시오.</p>
<hr data-start="4222" data-end="4225">
<div></div><h2 data-start="4227" data-end="4260"><span class="ez-toc-section" id="%ED%81%B4%EB%9D%BC%EC%9D%B4%EC%96%B8%ED%8A%B8%EA%B0%80_%EC%97%AC%EB%9F%AC%EB%B6%84%EC%9D%98_%EA%B3%84%EC%95%BD%EC%9D%84_%ED%98%B8%EC%B6%9C%ED%95%98%EB%8A%94_%EB%B0%A9%EB%B2%95"></span>클라이언트가 여러분의 계약을 호출하는 방법<span class="ez-toc-section-end"></span></h2>
<p data-start="4262" data-end="4307">REST를 반영하는 두 가지 호출 유형이 있습니다:</p>
<ol data-start="4309" data-end="4852">
<li data-start="4309" data-end="4665">
<p data-start="4312" data-end="4361"><strong data-start="4312" data-end="4336">상태 변경 호출</strong> (POST/PUT/DELETE와 유사</p>
<div class="pointer-events-none h-px w-px" aria-hidden="true" data-edge="true"></div>
<p class="updated-date"><span>Updated: 9월 26, 2025</span></p><div
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<h3 id="reply-title" class="comment-reply-title">댓글 달기 <small><a rel="nofollow" id="cancel-comment-reply-link" href="/ko/near-for-backend-developers-your-skills-decentralized-ko/#respond" style="display:none;">댓글 취소</a></small></h3><br/><h4>To leave a comment you should to:</h4><br/><button class=' login-with-near-link' href='#' style='color:#fff; border-radius: 5px;'>Login with NEAR</button> </div><!-- #respond -->
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